Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) ： Symptoms & Treatment

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a contagious respiratory virus that can lead to severe health complications, particularly in vulnerable populations such as young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. 

It can spread easily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks, and also through contact with contaminated surfaces. While it is common during colder months, the virus can affect people year-round, causing seasonal outbreaks.

The symptoms of HMPV can range from mild cold-like signs to more severe respiratory issues. In mild cases, individuals may experience fever, runny nose, sore throat, cough, and body aches. 

However, the virus can progress to more serious conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and difficulty breathing. 

Shortness of breath and wheezing are key indicators of severe infection. 

Hypoxia, a condition characterised by low blood oxygen levels, is a serious complication that can lead to further health problems.

In children, HMPV may cause more acute symptoms, including fast or laboured breathing, irritability, and difficulty feeding. In elderly patients or those with pre-existing health conditions, the risk of pneumonia and severe respiratory distress is higher, potentially leading to hospitalisation.

To prevent the spread of HMPV, it is crucial to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing or sneezing. 

Using hand sanitisers with at least 60% alcohol can also be effective when soap and water are unavailable. Wearing masks in public places, particularly in crowded or high-risk areas, helps prevent the transmission of respiratory droplets. 

It is also recommended to avoid close contact with infected individuals and to disinfect frequently touched surfaces. 

While there is no specific vaccine for HMPV, staying current on vaccinations for other respiratory illnesses like the flu and COVID-19 can reduce the burden on the immune system and lower the risk of complications.